Differentiations in English Pronunciation

Vowel Differentiations:

• not nor no
  [ɒ ɔɹ oʊ] (AmE)
  [ɔ oː əʊ] (BrE)
  on all own
  turn on/off
  oh, all gone!
  


• farther fat father
  [ɑɹ æ ɑ] (AmE)
  [ɑː æ ɑː] (BrE)
  cats on the bath
  have a bad bath
  not that wandering wonder
  [ɒ æ ɑ ʌ]
  not a nut
  it's gone but done
  son of the Sun
  


• and end aid
  [æ ɛ eɪ]
  sadly shedding a bad bed
  have a heavy-weighted head
  plain plan air plane¹
  well whale¹
  change the length²
  merry Mary's married many times
  [ɛ ɛə æ ɛ -]
  many ones have varied anyway
  


• behind the city scenes
  [ɪ ə ɪi i] (AmE)
  [ɪ ə ɪi iː] (BrE)
  [ɪ(ə)] be-, -less
  sitting seat
  bitches on the beach
  Sheep On a Ship
  


• awful good food
  [ə ʊ u] (AmE)
  [ə ʊ uː] (BrE)
  you should shoot it
  put foods on a foot
  I have a hooting hood
  a good flood
  [ə ʊ ʌ]
  puzzle pussy cat
  purely poor suit suite
  [jʊɹ ʊɹ u wi] (AmE)
  [jʊə ʊə ju wiː] (BrE)
  

Consonant Differentiations:

• The S family
  she saw seashores
  [ʃ s sʃz]
  design, assign, issue, dessert, desert
  boxes, packs, maps, hats, fogs, bags, cabs, heads
  washing machine
  surely a pleasant pleasure
  [ʃ z ʒ]
  action, collection, vision, collision
  special, seizable, visual, seizure
  beige page (= white page + yellow page/2)
  [ʒ dʒ]
  massage of message
  


• The T family
  tickling thick stick
  [tʰ θ t]
  bat both balls
  the dude
  [ð d]
  dig that duct
  


• The PH family
  ban span pan fan van
  [b p pʰ f v]
  of off
  [v f]
  What's Watt
  [ʍ w]
  

English, the weirdo!

• "Reversed" pronunciations
  pause / pound
  [pʰɔːz / pʰaʊnd]
  warm / worm
  [wɔɹm / wəɹm]
  sew / new
  [soʊ / njuː]
  


• "Irregular" NG
  singer longer / finger anger
  [sɪŋəɹ lɔŋəɹ / fɪŋgəɹ æŋgəɹ]
  longing / longest / longitude / longevity
  [ˈlɔŋɪŋ / ˈlɔŋɪst,ˈlɔŋgɪst / ˈlɔŋgɪtjuːd,ˈlɔndʒətuːd / lɔnˈdʒevətɪ]
  increase include / synchronize uncle
  [ɪnˈkɹiːs ɪnˈkluːd / ˈsɪŋkɹənaɪz ˈʌŋk_əl]
  


• The "Stress"
  áddress/addréss(n), ádult/adúlt, téchnic/techníque(n), ...
  

___________
¹ When /eɪ/ is followed by [l,m,n], it is lowered to [ɛɪ], or even to [ɛː] (esp. in American accents), like in mail, main, name, etc.
no gel in the jail
sell the sale
painted pen
remaining men
the same-name templates
² When /eɪ/ is followed by [ŋ], it is lowered further to be near [ɛ], like in change, strange, etc.